Gusmao L, Sanchez-Diz P, Calafell F et al. E1b1a (also known as E-M2) forms part of the E-V38 haplogroup found on the human Y chromosome - making it a paternally inherited clade. Where Did Haplogroup E1b1b Originate and Expand From? Beleza S, Gusmao L, Amorim A et al. (2002) states: "A possible explanation might be that haplotype 24 chromosomes [E-M2*] were already present across the Sudanese belt when the M191 mutation, which defines haplotype 22, arose in central western Africa. We analyse frequencies of halpogroups and estimates of TMRCA to answer two questions: (a) Is there evidence of more than one expansion of paternal line ancestors of Bantu-speaking people living in present day sub-Saharan Africa? [25] Daba was of West African ancestry and carried haplogroups E1b1a-M4273 and L2c. [29] West Africans, bearing the Benin sickle cell haplotype, may have migrated into the northern region of Iraq (69.5%), Jordan (80%), Lebanon (73%), Oman (52.1%), and Egypt (80.8%). Late glacial migration of E-M78 to Mediterranean Europe It is still unclear when haplogroup E first entered Europe. [28][27] The ancestral sickle cell haplotype to modern haplotypes (e.g., Cameroon/Central African Republic and Benin/Senegal haplotypes) may have first arose in the ancestors of modern West Africans, bearing haplogroups E1b1a1-L485 and E1b1a1-U175 or their ancestral haplogroup E1b1a1-M4732. However, out of 69 Y-DNA samples tested from Neolithic Europe, only two belonged to that haplogroup: one E-M78 from the Sopot culture in Hungary (5000-4800 BCE), another E-M78 (c. 5000 BCE), possibly E-V13, from north-east Spain, and a E-L618 from Zemunica cave near Split in Croatia from 5500 BCE (Fernandes et al., 2016). Analysis of diversity and rough estimates of times to the most recent common ancestors of haplogroups provide evidence of multiple expansions along eastern and western routes and a late, exclusively eastern route, expansion. Pakendorf et al7 in a recent review of the contribution made by molecular genetic analysis to the study of EBSP concluded that patrilocality and possibly polygyny may have contributed to NRY, but not mtDNA, association with linguistic affinity. [39][40][41], Outside of Africa, E-M2 has been found at low frequencies. Behar DM, Thomas MG, Skorecki K et al. Frequencies of over 75% have been reported among the Tuaregs of Burkina Faso and Mali. It was first reported in a person from the Gambia.[76]. [25] Isi was of western Central African ancestry and carried haplogroup L3e2a. Google Scholar. Hammer MF : A recent common ancestry for human Y chromosomes. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The weak point of this hypothesis is that it doesn't explain how M81 reached places like France, Britain, Greece or Turkey, nor even northern Spain. However, because each is, in effect, a single linked locus, interpreting observed differences among groups must be undertaken with a high level of caution.
