Self-discrepancy theory, a social-cognitive framework that links self-related cognitions with affect, will be introduced and reviewed in detail. Beattie, S., Hardy, L., & Woodman, T. (2004). But whats so good about intrinsic motivation? Thank you for taking us up on our offer of free access to JoVE Education until June 15th. Actual Self | SpringerLink Disinhibition of negative true self for identity reconstructions in Researches believed that there was no way to tie a unique emotional discomfort to one internal discrepancy, but rather that various internal discrepancies result in a variety of discomforts. The theory proposes how a variety of self-discrepancies represents a variety of types of negative psychological situations that are associated with different kinds of discomfort. Owen Hargie, Skilled Interpersonal Interaction: Research, Theory, and Practice (London: Routledge, 2011), 105. When the actual self is discrepant from an ought, people feel nervous, tense, and worriedagitation-related emotions that relate to anxiety. Many scholars explain this variation using a common measure of cultural variation that claims people in individualistic cultures are more likely to engage in competition and openly praise accomplishments than people in collectivistic cultures. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340. Applied psychology Lists Psychology portal v t e In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is the perception of contradictory information and the mental toll of it. Despite the fact that the images of people we see in glossy magazines and on movie screens are not typically what we see when we look at the people around us in a classroom, at work, or at the grocery store, many of us continue to hold ourselves to an unrealistic standard of beauty and attractiveness. While this termis accurately explained in the video, the concept itself has come under fire due to an inability to reproduce results that wereoriginally published over 20 years ago. [7] Unlike the self guides proposed by Higgins which imply an actual or desired (better) self, the feared self is a domain that measures what one does not desire to be. In this situation, to pursue his ideal life goals, he uses a promotion focusan emphasis on positive approaches and outcomes. Again, these predictions are based on the underlying idea that self-regulation in relation to ideals involves experiencing successes in the world as the presence of positive outcomes (gains) and failures as the absence of positive outcomes (nongains), whereas self-regulation in relation to oughts involves experiencing successes as the absence of negative outcomes (nonlosses) and failures as the presence of negative outcomes (losses).
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